PV Loop Research Applications
Pressure-volume (PV) loop studies provide researchers with comprehensive, load-independent data regarding normal and diseased conditions of the heart. With an in-depth view of the complete cardiac cycle, insights can be gained in heart failure models, valvular disease, and basic cardiovascular research. With over 30 different hemodynamic parameters, PV loop data can easily advance research studies to the next level.
PV Loop Studies Deliver Direct
In-Depth Data
Known as the gold-standard method for measuring direct, real-time, complete cardiac function, Millar's pressure-volume (PV) loop system delivers instant cardiovascular function feedback. PV loop studies provide researchers with comprehensive independent data regarding normal and diseased conditions of the heart by generating the characteristic left or right ventricular pressure-volume (PV) loops.
A single PV loop is created by plotting pressure and volume signals against each other in real time, with one loop representing the complete cardiac cycle. PV loops provide instant cardiovascular function feedback based on its morphology, position, and timing. Only left or right ventricular PV loops can provide beat-to-beat and full diastolic analysis from a single, minimally invasive catheter. Millar offers pressure-volume loop technology for both research and clinical applications.
Cutting-edge PV Loop studies have a wide variety of research applications in both large and small animal models, including:
- Basic cardiovascular research
- Stem cell studies
- LVAD evaluation
- Cardiac hypertrophy
- Heart failure
- Cardiovascular remodeling
- LV/RV coupling
- Valvular assessment
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology (rapid drug screening)
- Cardiac resynchronization therapy
- Surgical interventions
- Ischemia/reperfusion studies
- Vascular occlusions
PV Loops = More Cardiovascular Data
| Parameter | Description | Parameter | Description | Parameter | Description |
| HR | Heart Rate | Ea | Arterial Elastance | dP/dt min | Minimum dP/dt |
| Vmax | Maximum Volume | CO | Cardiac Output | dV/dt max | Maximum dV/dt |
| Vmin | Minimum Volume | SW | Stroke Work | dV/dt min | Minimum dV/dt |
| Ves | End-Systolic Volume | SV | Stroke Volume | P@dP/dt max | Pressure at dP/dt Max |
| Ved | End-Diastolic Volume | EF | Ejection Fraction | P@dV/dt max | Pressure at dV/dt Max |
| Pmax | Maximum Pressure | PRSW | Preload Recruitable SW | V@dP/dt max | Volume at dP/dt Max |
| Pmin | Minimum Pressure | ESPVR | End-Systolic PV Relationship | V@dP/dt min | Volume at dP/dt Min |
| Pes | End-Systolic Pressure | EDPVR | End-Diastolic PV Relationship | Tau (Weiss) | Tau-Weiss Method |
| Ped | End-Diastolic Pressure | E(t) | Time-Varying Maximum Elastance | Tau (Glantz) | Tau-Glantz Method |
| Ees | End-Systolic Elastance | dP/dt max | Maximum dP/dt | Tau (Logistic) | Tau-Logistic Method |
PV Loops: Mouse to Man
Dr. Navin Kapur, Assistant Professor and Assistant Director of the Interventional Cardiology Center at Tufts Medical Center, discusses his experience utilizing PV loop data in cardiovascular applications from mouse to man. Additionally, Dr. Kapur provides perspective on how PV Loops can be used as a tool for the interventional cardiologist and during the evaluation of advanced heart failure.
Millar and ADInstruments
Millar Mikro-Tip® Pressure and PV Loop catheters systems are available exclusively from ADInstruments. Our strategic partnership enables an extended capacity for global reach while strengthening local support for all Millar customers. Millar and ADInstruments have been business partners for over 20 years. Both companies share the same goals of providing quality products backed by world-class technical support and service.
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Contact Millar
For more information on the different applications of our PV Loop products or for inquiries on how to purchase, please visit our contact page and get in touch with us.